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- <text id=92TT0165>
- <title>
- Jan. 27, 1992: Rx for Russia:Shock Therapy
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Jan. 27, 1992 Is Bill Clinton For Real?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 37
- Rx for Russia: Shock Therapy
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Why? Because, says Jeffrey Sachs, you can't cross a chasm in two
- jumps
- </p>
- <p>By George M. Taber
- </p>
- <p> The lines outside food stores in Russia grow longer and
- longer, and the people standing in them grow angrier and
- angrier. Two weeks after the Russian government ended price
- controls on most products, the economic reforms of Russian
- President Boris Yeltsin are under heavy attack. Last week 50,000
- people crowded into Moscow's Manezh Square to protest price
- increases and call for Yeltsin's resignation.
- </p>
- <p> The chanting was directed at the Russian President, but
- the man behind the program is little known to the
- demonstrators. He is Jeffrey Sachs, 37, a Harvard professor who
- in the past seven years has emerged as the world's expert on how
- countries can move from controlled to free economies.
- Governments from Bolivia to Mongolia have called in Sachs to
- help them cure hyperinflation and to bring their economies back
- from the brink of disaster.
- </p>
- <p> But even Sachs, who serves as both a senior adviser to the
- Russian Federation government and a member of a group of foreign
- economists advising Yeltsin, has never seen anything like the
- situation in Russia, where basic institutions like a central
- bank hardly work. In December, Sachs and several foreign
- economists met twice with Yeltsin, who told them that studies
- he and his advisers had made of other economic reforms from
- Poland to Chile had led them to conclude that nothing short of
- shock therapy could rescue the Russian economy.
- </p>
- <p> That was just the sort of medicine Sachs has recommended
- to a dozen governments. His best-known patient is Poland, which
- two years ago adopted the so-called Sachs Plan, which
- decontrolled the economy overnight after nearly half a century
- of communism. The result has been both progress and pain. Stores
- have plenty of goods on the shelves, and inflation, which had
- been running at an annual rate of 2,000% in 1989, was down to
- 60% last year. But industrial output has plunged, and 2.1
- million workers (12% of the work force) are unemployed. Not
- surprisingly, political backlash is growing. Last week 2 million
- Solidarity members staged a one-hour strike to demand a new
- economic program.
- </p>
- <p> The boyish-faced, tousle-haired Sachs hardly looks like
- someone who would make a practice of unleashing economic
- revolutions. Son of a Detroit labor lawyer, he was a full
- professor at Harvard at 29. Competition is the core of the Sachs
- credo. Countries as diverse as Argentina under the generals,
- Portugal under Salazar and the Soviet Union under Brezhnev, he
- argues, condemned themselves to stagnation by opting out of the
- competitive international economy.
- </p>
- <p> There are no half steps in Sachs' world. He says that a
- gradualist approach of introducing limited market reforms into
- a centralized system, as Gorbachev tried for years, is doomed
- to failure. Sachs frequently cites the old Russian maxim that
- you cannot cross a chasm in two jumps.
- </p>
- <p> Sachs is fully aware that his strong medicine is driving
- people into the streets. Last week he called the Russian
- situation "politically very risky." But he says the slower
- approach that Yeltsin's critics advocate will only prolong the
- agony without providing the benefits of a market economy. Sachs
- notes that in cases like Bolivia and Chile, where shock policies
- have worked, it took about five years "to make the changes so
- widespread and visible that they became self-sustaining." But
- will the Russian people--and their politicians--have that
- much patience?
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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